Guidelines for the abstract structure

• An abstract is a compendious summary of a research paper’s substance including its background, purpose, methodology, results, and conclusion. 

• It should be one paragraph with a word limit of 175-275. 

• Keywords should be provided as a must (no more than 06 words). 

• Keywords should be written in lowercase letters (Not applicable to names/scientific names) and should be separated with commas. 

• Please do not include subheadings, bullets, lists and header/footer in the abstract. 

• Abstract titles should be short, but descriptive. Informative titles, indicating key points are encouraged. Abbreviations should not be used in the title. 

• Acronyms should be written in full the first time, mentioned in the text, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses. 

• Always follow SI Units. 

• Scientific names must be in Italic. 

• Use a negative exponent (e.g. kg m-3) and do not indicate units as divisions (e.g. kg/m3). Chemical formulae should be written in a standard form such as “CaCO3”, not as “CaCO3”. Use a zero before decimal points such as “0.45,” not “.45.” 

• There shall be no citations or references in the abstract specifically. If there is a need to cite references, please provide the sources in brackets. 

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.